Notas de aplicação
Capturing the physiological complexity of human tissues in vitro with organ-on-a-chip
abril 2021
3D cell cultures enable the recreation of physiological compositions and spatial arrangements of cells in vitro more accurately than 2D cell cultures. This application note shows that we have developed a 3D tissue culture model using OrganoPlate® (MIMETAS) and Nikon’s A1R HD25 confocal microscope system.
AI + Macro Imaging
março 2021
Clarify.ai is a new AI module that removes the blurred light contained in fluorescence images and generates high-contrast images. Clarify.ai, used with a stereomicroscope, can provide sharper fluorescence images than ever before; it enables not only macroscopic observation of model organisms, but also microscopic observation of fine structures.
Quantitative 3D Imaging of Living Organs-on-Chips with a High-Speed Point-Scanning Confocal System
janeiro 2021
Organs-on-chips more faithfully recapitulate the 3D architectural and functional complexity of native tissues compared to standard 2D tissue culture systems. Yet these advanced cell culture platforms present technical challenges for imaging-based applications. This Application Note demonstrates how the Nikon A1R HD25 confocal point-scanning system, CFI S Plan Fluor LWD 20XC objective and NIS-Elements software can enable rapid, deep, quantitative imaging of living cells in the Emulate Organ-Chip platform.
Live Imaging of Paneth Cell Secretory Responses in Innate Immunity by Using Three-Dimensional Culture of Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells
janeiro 2021
Paneth cells, a lineage of small intestinal epithelial cells, secrete granules rich in antimicrobial peptides, α-defensins, in response to cholinergic agents and bacteria, and regulate the intestinal microbiota by killing enteric pathogens, while less killing commensal bacteria. In this Application Note, we introduce examples that clarify the mechanisms of α-defensin secretion by visualization and quanti cation of Paneth cell granule secretory responses ex vivo using enteroid, a three-dimensional culture system of small intestinal epithelial cells.
Super-resolution imaging of double-stained neurons using DNA-Paint
outubro 2020
Dr. Noriko Koganezawa (Life Science), Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, focuses her research on drebrin, an actin-binding protein that is thought to play an important role in cognitive function. Drebrin accumulates in the posterior synaptic region (dendritic spine) of mature neurons, but when synaptic dysfunction occurs, this accumulation disappears. Also, when the NMDA receptor is activated by glutamate or the like, the accumulation of drebrin is transiently eliminated (Figs.1 and 2). Focusing on the dynamics of drebrin, Dr. Koganezawa is conducting research to verify its effects on cognitive function.
In this Application Note, we introduce examples of image acquisition of changes in the localization of drebrin by glutamate stimulation using the N-STORM super-resolution microscope and quantitative evaluation by cluster analysis.
3D Super-resolution imaging of localization of H3K27me3, Lamin AC and DNA
outubro 2020
In this Application Note, we introduce examples of imaging (using the N-SIM super-resolution microscope) performed by pharmaceutical scientist Dr. Tsukasa Oikawa of the Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine. In the absence of p53, the product of a tumor suppressor gene TP53, K27-trimethylation of histone H3 (H3K27me3) was observed to occur at the perinuclear regions during DNA replication. The researcher then wanted to know the positional relationship between H3K27me3, the nuclear membrane represented by Lamin A/C, and DNA.
The Secret Inside Flowers - Imaging Inside Plants Using ClearSee Clearing Reagent
outubro 2020
In this Application Note, we introduce examples of clearing the flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana with ClearSee and observing them with a multiphoton excitation confocal microscope suited for observation of deep parts of organisms. This enables us to observe in detail how each of the pollen tubes elongate in the pistil for fertilization, using the color-coding of the pollen tubes.
Highly accurate segmentation of cell areas based on DIC images using deep learning
setembro 2020
Quantification of cell migration and cell confluency is important in biological and medical research on cellular functions. A scratch assay is used to quantitatively measure the speed of cells migrating to a cell-free area (gap) that is physically produced. This is a common technique for evaluating cell migration in cell development and differentiation, as well as in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, manually processing unstained sample images for quantification takes an immense amount of time. In addition, the Wound Healing function, a special application for scratch assays in the NIS-Elements imaging software, shows roughly correct results, but it has limited accuracy in terms of detailed detection.
In this Application Note, we introduce examples of quantification of a scratch assay using the NIS.ai module of NIS-Elements. These examples proved that NIS.ai can make more accurate inferences compared to the existing Wound Healing function based on a small number of training images.
Visualization of microglia-neuron junctions with super-resolution and confocal microscopy
julho 2020
Microglia are the main immune cells in the brain, and play roles in brain homeostasis and neurological diseases. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying microglia-neuron communication remain unclear. Dr. Csaba Cserép, Dr. Balázs Pósfai and colleagues, (Laboratory of Neuroimmunology led by Dr. Ádám Dénes, Institute of Experimental Medicine) identified an interaction site between neuronal cell bodies and microglial processes in the mouse brain and studied the function of microglia (C. Cserép and B. Pósfai et al., Science 10.1126/science.aax6752 (2020)). In this Application Note, we introduce how the structure of neuron-microglia junctions was revealed on a nano scale resolution using the confocal and super-resolution microscopes.
Imaging sodium transients in neurons and astrocytes
maio 2020
This application note presents data from Dr Gerkau, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany on how increases in intracellular sodium in astrocytes and neurons drive the reversal of the sodium/calcium exchange (NCX) during peri-infarct depolarisations (PIDs) in stroke. Nikon’s stable and reliable FN1 microscope combined with its NIS-Elements software were essential in providing high-quality imaging and analysis of intracellular sodium ions in astrocytes and neurons in living brain tissue.
Mapping brain cell types with CARTANA in situ sequencing on the Nikon Ti2-E microscope
janeiro 2020
In situ sequencing (ISS) kits offered by CARTANA allow scientists to detect transcripts from hundreds of genes directly inside tissue sections with unprecedented throughput and single-cell resolution. The Nikon Ti2-E inverted microscope enables this application by combining its Perfect Focus System 4 focus locking technology and an automated stage with large image scan capabilities. This note demonstrates ISS for mapping transcriptional cell types within the spatial context of mouse brain sections.
Nikon NIS-Elements Denoise.ai Software: utilizing deep learning to denoise confocal data
janeiro 2020
Noise is a fundamental component of confocal images, a result of discreet digital sampling of continuously emitting photons from samples. The contribution of noise to image quality (signal-to-noise ratio) increases as the signal decreases as a square-root function. Using a trained neural network, we use artificial intelligence to remove the shot noise component from confocal image data, allowing an increase in image quality and the ability to acquire dimmer samples at faster rates. NIS-Elements software’s Denoise.ai deploys this trained network for live or post-acquisition processing.
Ti2: Increasing data collection and fidelity by maximizing field of view
setembro 2019
With the release of the Nikon Ti2 inverted microscope, the world’s first 25mm FOV became available. Now, Nikon has taken advantage of this improvement by building the largest FOV point scanner in the world, the A1 HD25®.
A1R HD25: the latest in resonant scanning technology allows new live-cell imaging approaches
fevereiro 2019
Capturing the dynamics of living systems requires high acquisition rates. Large samples, such as whole model organisms, additionally require a large field of view. The Nikon A1R HD25 confocal system provides both, combining Nikon’s improved HD high speed resonant scanner with an unprecedented 25 mm field of view. The performance of this system is evaluated in zebrafish embryos.
Increasing Data Collection and Fidelity by Maximizing Confocal Field of View
novembro 2018
For years, the field of view (FOV) of confocal systems has been limited by the FOV of the microscope they are attached to. With the release of the Nikon Ti2 inverted microscope, the world’s first 25-mm FOV became available. Now, Nikon has taken advantage of this improvement by building the largest FOV point scanner in the world, the A1 HD25. This Application Note focuses on the impact of this technology on simple, everyday experiments.
Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) Imaging Comparison with Confocal
setembro 2018
The super-resolution microscopy technique structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging of dendritic spines along the dendrite has not been previously performed in fixed tissues, mainly due to deterioration of the stripe pattern of the excitation laser induced by light scattering and optical aberrations.
Reflectance imaging for visualization of unlabeled structures using Nikon A1 and N-SIM
janeiro 2018
Reflectance imaging allows the user to form an intensity image from light backscattered by the sample. Highly reflective markers, including a variety of nanoparticles, allows for imaging with very high signal-to-noise and virtually free of photobleaching, ideal for both confocal and structured illumination microscopies.
Hardware Triggering: Maximizing Speed and Efficiency for Live Cell Imaging
dezembro 2017
Live cell imaging experiments now require higher speeds and more data throughput than ever before. Nikon Instruments has robust tools that enable hardware triggering of imaging devices in microscopy via direct signaling between hardware. This minimizes delays, synchronizes devices, and reduces the exposure of specimens to light. This Application Note explains how Nikon’s NIS-Elements hardwaretriggering workflow operates, and details its benefits for common time-lapse acquisition routines.
Application of Patterned Illumination Using a DMD for Optogenetic Control of Signaling
novembro 2017
Digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are powerful tools for photostimulation applications, including photoconversion and optogenetic manipulation, owing to their robust ability to produce novel illumination patterns with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this Application Note we showcase recent work describing how DMD technology integrated into a Nikon system can be applied toward light-gated optogenetic control of intracellular signaling.
Robotic Microscopy with the Nikon Ti2 for High-Content Analysis Applications
dezembro 2016
Robotic Microscopy—a combination of high-content screening methods—enables multivariate experimental approaches with large cell populations and member-level sensitivity. Here we explore how the new Nikon Ti2 line of inverted research microscopes is uniquely suited to Robotic Microscopy applications, focusing on work utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as disease models in drug screening.
N-STORM with DNA-PAINT for Reliable Multicolor & 3D Single Molecule Localization Imaging
novembro 2016
DNA-PAINT is a technique for single molecule localization microscopy. The sample is immunolabeled with specialized secondary antibodies conjugated to short DNA oligomers known as docking strands. Complimentary oligomers conjugated to fluorophore, known as imaging strands, are introduced in the imaging buffer and will transiently bind to docking strands – allowing single molecules to be localized. Herein multicolor and 3D DNA-PAINT is demonstrated on the Nikon N-STORM 4.0 system.
N-SIM for Quantitative Ultra-Structural Analyses of the Nuclear Lamina
outubro 2016
Super-resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), available from Nikon via the N-SIM and N-SIM E systems, allows for the observation of details inaccessible to traditional microscopes, such as confocal and widefield. In this application note we see how the N-SIM system enables quantitative multi-color evaluation of the distribution of different nuclear lamin proteins and the structures they form.
Quantitative Cluster Analysis Applications for N-STORM
outubro 2016
Nikon’s N-STORM super-resolution microscope is applied to mapping the distribution of nucleosomes on chromatin fibers, shining a light on the mechanisms of chromatin folding, gene expression, and pluripotency. Multicolor STORM is used to explore how nucleosome distribution differs between differentiated and pluripotent stem cells and correlates with the distribution of other important factors in replication, such as RNA Polymerase II.
Nikon’s Large-Format Multiphoton System for Intravital Imaging
dezembro 2015
Nikon’s A1R MP multiphoton confocal microscope system provides a choice platform for deep tissue imaging. Researchers at the Allen Institute for Brain Science have applied the A1R MP towards fast dual-color intravital imaging of the mouse brain. The open architecture instrument design allows for the addition of custom stages for large samples, external photostimulation devices, and more – perfect for constantly evolving needs.
Quantitative Analysis Tools and Correlative Imaging Applications for N-STORM
novembro 2015
Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) has had a significant impact on our understanding of nano-scale biological processes. In this application note, we see how Nikon’s N-STORM system, combined with quantitative analysis tools, enables single molecule level studies of cannabinoid signaling in the brain. Correlative 3D-STORM, confocal microscopy, and patch-clamp electrophysiology is also explored.
Desenvolvimento de um Bioprocesso Integrado para Produção de Células NK-92 para Imunoterapia
janeiro 2014
Os linfócitos anticancerosos NK-92 são promissores para aplicação em imunoterapias. Esta nota de aplicação explora um fluxo de trabalho abrangente para a produção de células NK-92 de grau clínico, usando o BioStation CT da Nikon para monitorar o fenótipo e a potência do NK-92.
Ensaio de Citotoxicidade Cinética Linfocitária Antitumoral (Colaboração com CCRM)
janeiro 2013
Nesta nota de aplicação, exploramos o uso da plataforma de escaneamento de alta demanda totalmente robótica do BioStation CT da Nikon para quantificar a taxa de mortalidade de uma linhagem celular modelo de leucemia humana após co-incubação com linfócitos NK-92 anti câncer. Este ensaio integra imagens automatizadas de fluorescência Calcein-AM para realizar análise de células vivas / mortas.
Um método não invasivo para contagem de células-tronco humanas pluripotentes por imagens de células vivas
janeiro 2012
É apresentado aqui um método para contagem de células-tronco pluripotentes vivas usando a coloração nuclear fluorescente SYTO24 e imagens de contraste de fase no microscópio de alta capacidade BioStation CT da Nikon. Os resultados mostram que a área de cobertura de colônias deduzida a partir de imagens de contraste de fase pode ser usada como um estimador preciso da contagem de células-tronco, correlacionando-se bem com medidas baseadas em hemocitômetros.
Esboço de aplicações de células-tronco
janeiro 2011
The Nikon BioStation CT cell culture observation system and CL-Quant software provide a powerful platform for stem cell research applications, including automated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell colony identification, proliferation analysis, and neural differentiation analysis. Real experimental data is provided for each of these use cases.
Ensaio de Triagem para Respostas do PSC a Substratos
janeiro 2011
An automated imaging-based screening assay for assessing stem cell pluripotency is described. Researchers from Nikon and the Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine use a Nikon BioStation CT with CL-Quant software to perform stem cell pluripotency maintenance assays in experiments testing feeder cell-free culture vessel substrates. Such commercially available substrates provide a number of process standardization benefits.
Ensaio automatizado de células formadoras de colônias hematopoiéticas (CFC)
janeiro 2011
O sistema de triagem de células vivas de alto capacidade BioStation CT da Nikon é aplicado em um ensaio para enumeração automática e identificação de células formadoras de colônias hematopoiéticas. Este ensaio permite a identificação de vários tipos de colônias, ajudando a distinguir entre linhagens.
Geração de Curva de Crescimento para Células iPS em Cultura Livre de Alimentador por Análise de Imagem Não Invasiva
janeiro 2011
A observação de time lapse a longo prazo de culturas de células estaminais isentas de camada de alimentação, juntamente com a detecção automatizada de colônias de células estaminais, é aqui demonstrada utilizando um sistema BioStation CT da Nikon. Curvas de crescimento para ambas as células diferenciadas e não diferenciadas foram geradas por um período de tempo de cerca de 1 semana.
Estabelecimento de um algoritmo para detecção automatizada de células iPS / não iPS sob uma condição de cultura por análise de imagem não invasiva
janeiro 2011
Nesta nota de aplicação, detalhamos um método automatizado de alto rendimento para observar e classificar as colônias de células-tronco com um algoritmo padronizado utilizando o BioStation CT da Nikon. A análise automatizada de imagens, discrimina colônias de células-tronco de colônias de células não-tronco, usando imagens de contraste de fase e subsequente análise de características morfológicas distintas.
Sistema de avaliação e cultura automatizada e não invasiva para células iPS em processo de diferenciação neural
janeiro 2011
Esta nota de aplicação detalha um fluxo de trabalho integrado para cultura, observação, avaliação e diferenciação de células estaminais pluripotentes induzidas (iPS) em neurônios, introduzindo métodos de processamento de imagens para detectar rosetas neurais e crescimento de prolongamentos neuronais (axônios/dendritos) - dois importantes pontos de controle morfológicos na diferenciação neural. A imagem automatizada para este ensaio é realizada usando um BioStation CT da Nikon.
Respostas de Células-Tronco Embrionárias a Substratos Comercialmente Disponíveis para Manutenção de Células-Tronco
janeiro 2011
Em colaboração com o Centro de Comercialização de Medicina Regenerativa (CCRM), comparamos o desempenho de 8 substratos comuns para crescimento e manutenção de células-tronco, desenvolvendo um ensaio utilizando escaneamento de alta demanda do microscópio BioStation CT da Nikon e seu sistema de incubação . A imagem de fluorescência de Oct4 é usada como marcador de pluripotência.
Análise de Sobrevivência de Neurônios Derivados In Vitro Humanos Utilizando a Nova Tecnologia de obtenção de imagens de time lapse de células vivas com tempo estendido
janeiro 2011
Nesta nota de aplicação, demonstramos o BioStation CT da Nikon para obtenção de imagens de longo prazo de células vivas de neurônios motores derivados de células-tronco - rastreando atributos-chave como o tamanho do corpo celular e o comprimento dos prolongamentos neuronais (dendritos/axônios) antes, durante e após o tratamento com diferentes agentes causadores de stress. Esta abordagem fornece um método padronizado para estudos de descoberta de drogas em modelos de doenças neurodegenerativas.
